Chlamydia Test: All You Need to Know

Since most people infected with chlamydia show no symptoms, doctors rely on chlamydia testing to detect the majority of infections. In the following article, you will find all the relevant information about this test.

What is a Chlamydia Test?

A chlamydia test is a diagnostic tool used to detect a chlamydia infection, which is a bacterial infection transmitted through vaginal, anal, or oral sexual contact.

The test works by identifying the bacteria responsible for the infection, known as Chlamydia trachomatis, in a sample of urine or a swab from the vaginal fluid, cervix, anus, eyes, or throat, depending on the site of infection.

What is it used for?

The chlamydia test is performed to detect an existing chlamydia infection or to verify that the infection has not returned after treatment.

How Does the Test Work?

There are multiple types of chlamydia tests, all aimed at detecting the presence of bacteria in the body. The most common test, which we will discuss in detail, is the Nucleic Acid Amplification Test (NAAT). This test looks for the bacterial genetic material in the sample.

There are other, less common tests that the doctor may request in certain cases, such as:

• Cell culture test: In this test, a sample of cells and fluid from the infected area is collected and grown in a lab. If the bacteria are present, they will grow, indicating an infection.
• Blood tests: These tests detect a current or past chlamydia infection by measuring specific antibodies that suggest immunity against the bacteria.

Blazma offers Chlamydia Trachomatis Ab-IgG and Chlamydia Trachomatis Ab-IgM tests that do not require any special conditions beforehand.

When Should the Test Be Performed?

Doctors typically recommend a chlamydia test in the following situations:

• At-risk groups

Since chlamydia often shows no symptoms, people may have the infection without knowing it. Therefore, doctors recommend regular screening for those at higher risk, including:

1. Sexually active individuals aged 14–25.
2. Pregnant women under 25 years old.
3. People with HIV.
4. Individuals with multiple sexual partners or those engaged in high-risk sexual behaviors.
5. People living in areas with high rates of sexually transmitted infections, such as correctional facilities.

• When symptoms appear

A doctor may request the test if symptoms of chlamydia are present, such as:

1. Pain and burning during urination.
2. Irritation or itching around the genital area.
3. Unusual discharge from the genitals, such as from the penis, vagina, or rectum.
4. Painful intercourse or bleeding after intercourse.

Are There Any Preparations Required for the Test?

Depending on the type of sample needed, the healthcare provider may ask for the following preparations:

• Avoid using douches or vaginal creams for 24 hours before the test.
• Avoid taking antibiotics the day before the test.
• Do not urinate for two hours or more before the test. 

How is the Test Performed?

To perform the test, a sample is collected from the potentially infected area in one of the following ways:

• Urine sample: Collected in a sterile cup, following specific instructions, and the sample should be taken immediately as urination begins (first-catch sample).
• Swab sample: A swab of secretions from the genital area is taken. In some cases, the rectum, cervix, throat, or eyes may be swabbed by rubbing a cotton swab over the area.

Are There Any Risks Associated with the Test?

There are no risks associated with this test.

How Are the Results Interpreted?

The results are usually available within 24 hours, and some rapid tests provide results within 1.5 hours.

A negative result means no chlamydia infection, while a positive result indicates an infection. In the case of a positive result, the doctor will prescribe the appropriate antibiotics and ask the partner to get tested.

The doctor may also request a follow-up test after three weeks and three months of treatment, as reinfection is quite common.