Causes of Hyperprolactinemia in Married Women

It is common for women to experience hyperprolactinemia. Studies show that one-third of women of childbearing age who have irregular menstrual cycles, despite having normal ovarian function, exhibit elevated prolactin levels. Read on to learn about the specific causes of hyperprolactinemia in married women.

Causes of Hyperprolactinemia in Married Women

Prolactin is produced by the pituitary gland, a small gland located at the base of the brain. Several factors contribute to elevated prolactin levels in the blood. Below are the key causes specific to married women:

• Pregnancy and Breastfeeding

One of the most common causes of hyperprolactinemia in married women is pregnancy and breastfeeding. During pregnancy, prolactin levels increase by 10 to 20 times to stimulate breast tissue growth and prepare for milk production after delivery. Hence, hyperprolactinemia is typical in pregnant and nursing women.

• Prolactinomas

Prolactinoma, a benign tumor in the pituitary gland, is another common cause of hyperprolactinemia, affecting both married and unmarried women. This tumor leads to excessive production of prolactin.

Symptoms often include headaches, nausea, vomiting, vision changes, sinus pain, and a diminished sense of smell.

• Certain Medications

Medications that affect dopamine production or function can cause hyperprolactinemia. Common drugs that may lead to elevated prolactin in married women include:

1. Blood pressure medications, such as calcium channel blockers.
2. Medications for nausea and vomiting.
3. Oral contraceptives.
4. Painkillers containing opioids.
5. Medications for acid reflux and heartburn.
6. Antipsychotics, such as risperidone and haloperidol.

• Underlying Health Conditions

Certain medical conditions can cause hyperprolactinemia in both men and women, including:

1. Chronic kidney disease.
2. Hypothyroidism.
3. Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS).
4. Specific syndromes, such as Nelson’s syndrome and Cushing’s syndrome.
5. Chest wall injuries, including rib or sternum fractures.
6. Shingles, especially in the chest area.

Factors Contributing to Hyperprolactinemia in Married Women

Some factors may temporarily and slightly elevate prolactin levels in married women, including:

1. Excessive exercise.
2. physical stress on the body.
3. Psychological stress and anxiety.
4. Sexual activity.
5. Nipple stimulation.
6. Chest injuries.
7. Chest irritation caused by tight bras or surgical procedures.
8. Drinking herbal teas like fenugreek, fennel, or anise.
9. Consuming specific foods.
10. Poor sleep habits.

Diagnosing the Cause of Hyperprolactinemia

Doctors usually recommend a blood test to measure prolactin levels if symptoms of hyperprolactinemia are present. Common symptoms include:

• Milky nipple discharge in non-breastfeeding women.
• Infertility or difficulty conceiving.
• Irregular menstrual cycles.
• Decreased libido.
• Vaginal dryness and pain during intercourse.

If the test confirms hyperprolactinemia, the next step is to determine the underlying cause. This typically involves one or more of the following diagnostic tests:

1. MRI scans for a detailed view of the pituitary gland and surrounding areas.
2. CT scans.
3. Additional blood tests and analyses.

Blazma offers all the tests and diagnostics your doctor may require to identify hyperprolactinemia, including the prolactin test, which requires fasting for several hours beforehand.